Government Deficit Spending Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Government Deficit Spending - Research Paper Example Another method of lessening spending shortage is by expanding the quantity of individuals under tax collection. In the present tax assessment framework, couples winning more than $ 200, 000 every month are absolved from a specific degree of tax collection. Making an equivalent tax assessment rate in every American resident may altogether build the rate at which the administration contains income. An expansion income assortment will expand the GDP along these lines limiting the obligations acquired through getting. In a contention by Masters gathering enough assessment from the residents may diminish uncertain the spending esteem isn't surpassed. Furthermore, the creator brings up this may likewise build government gaining fundamentally in any event, making an excess in the proposed spending plan. The congress likewise proposed formation of spending approaches that may keep the legislature from over spending from the financial plan proposed sum. Â Over the years, the administration h as outperformed on use sum as determined in the national spending plan. Thus, the measure of obligation has expanded. Be that as it may, the proposed spending arrangements may possibly be conceivable if the financial plan is made adaptable and huge enough to provide food for crises and all the prerequisites over the yearly schedule. Â The white house and the congress differ on the proposed changes considering the way that the white house might be influenced from the proposed use cuts. Nonetheless, the white house comprehends the need to diminish government consumption. The proposed consumption and income arrangements require the commitment by the two gatherings.

Bavaria Essay Research Paper Schmidt 1 Nicole free essay sample

Bavaria Essay, Research Paper Schmidt 1 Nicole Schmidt Jarvinen 9 LA, period 5 16 December 2000 Bavaria # 8220 ; They are of rough stock, however non unsmooth or debilitated mannered, wild yet non noxious, and they have an incredible shop of solidarity and characteristic character # 8221 ; ( Joseph G? rres ) . As verbalized by Joseph G? rres the individuals of Germany are a sort and ground-breaking race. A region whose individuals live this depiction day by day are the Bavarian individuals of western Germany. For the Bavarian individuals a rich social legacy is an obligation as there is scarcely another individuals that values and effectively experience its development like the Bavarians. This is reflected in everything from their gave consideration of the humanistic orders to the conventional fosterage of neighborhood imposts. As a result the Bavarian progress is known for its customs, OK supplements, and inhabitants. The three people, the Old Bavarians, the Franconians and the Swabians contrast in phonetic correspondence, imposts, viewpoint and way of life. The first # 8220 ; clan # 8221 ; is accepted to hold been assembled in the 6th century and are presently called # 8220 ; The Old Bavarians # 8221 ; ( BSC Timeline ) . They are supposed to be known and cherished a long ways past the Bavarian wilderness in view of their alone characteristics and work moralss. Their # 8220 ; mentalities # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; intrinsic inclination for music # 8221 ; do this gathering an agreeable and fun individuals. In spite of the fact that, there lives are non ever just happiness and games. The Old Bavarians divide Schmidt 2 # 8220 ; occupations # 8221 ; and exchanges with different people like the Franconians ( Encarta Jobs ) . # 8220 ; The Franconians from the regions of Upper, Middle and Lower Franconia # 8221 ; have shaped segment of the Bavarian State since the mid nineteenth century ( BSC Bavarians ) . Their # 8220 ; solid network sense, hierarchical gift, radiance and skill of head # 8221 ; are the trademarks of this race ( BSC Bavarians ) . They are other than troublesome working yet non to such an extent as the last people the Swabians. The expressing # 8220 ; No Work No Reward # 8221 ; is the best way to portray this people ( BSC ) . A few properties of this race are at that place tendency to limit and their frugal characters. The Old Bavarians, the Franconians and the Swabians have numerous likenesses furthermore numerous distinctions yet they all gangs a similar incredible love for custom. The customs went somewhere near the Bavarian individuals incorporate everything from celebrations to inherited vesture. The individuals have visit opportunities to watch all through the twelvemonth. One such crossroads is Oktoberfest which chief took topographic point in Munich on the # 8220 ; seventeenth of October 1810 # 8243 ; to watch the marriage of # 8220 ; Prince Ludwig # 8221 ; ( Nelles 24 ) . The two hebdomad celebration is presently held in # 8220 ; Wies # 8217 ; n # 8221 ; and is known for its # 8220 ; 45 carnival drives and 70 pens and games in whole there are around 640 appealing powers # 8221 ; ( 191 ) . Oktoberfest is non the areas simply celebration the Christmas festivities are other than extremely remarkable. # 8220 ; Christkindlmarkt # 8221 ; is spot of a Christmas jamboree which goes back to the # 8220 ; fourteenth century # 8221 ; ( 58 ) . It is no reverence that groups are attracted by its # 8220 ; Gluhwein, heavenly smelling hot bars, and imaginative Christmas nowadayss # 8221 ; ( 58 ) . The jubilee of Nativity bed, and moving. Despite the fact that, music and move are a segment of each German celebration however Bavaria has put aside a wide range of yearss only for those two humanistic orders. One such is the # 8220 ; Cooper # 8217 ; s Dance # 8221 ; which has been held ever seven Schmidt3 twelvemonth since 1517 ( BSC Festivals ) . The Cooper # 8217 ; s first did there move when the Black epidemic spread through Munich. It was done as a contribution to God to rescue the city and stop the brutal demise of the individuals. With a guarantee to go on the move each seven mature ages the disease was finished and the guarantee kept ( Nelles 15-16 ) . During these Festivals customary vesture is worn to demo the people groups handle to their ascendants. Despite the fact that the conventional vesture is a segment of the Festivals it is other than worn to # 8220 ; church, moves, school, and at some point on the road # 8221 ; ( Wolff ) . The conventional vesture for the work powers and bo Y are called â€Å"Ladurhosen† and comprise of dark binding up places, knee-socks, cowhide articulatio sort length trunkss, corrective supports, a white button up shirt, and a chapeau with a long crest augmenting out of it ( Wolff ) . The women’s â€Å"Schuhplattler† is a support of dark clasp places, long socks, a lower leg length dress, cover, and will ( Wolff ) . The grown-up females wear their hair held up firmly in either a consume, cap or interlaced caput wrap. These expect have been affected by the individuals and the States history. Everything from its male rulers to its houses of worship have played separated. Like â€Å"Prince Ludwig’s marriage† or the â€Å"black plague† history is the base of every single German custom and supplements ( Nelles 15, 24 ) . Last, Germans are known for their alone supplements and beverages. The Bavarians, similar to all Germans, cognize how to fix everything from # 8220 ; Hirn in brauner Butter # 8221 ; ( Brains in Brown Butter ) to # 8220 ; Schokolademuscheln # 8221 ; or Chocolate Shells ( Schuler 55, 149 ) . One of the main supplements contemplated German culinary craftsmanship is frankfurter or wurst. There is non just one sort or one way to fix wurst. The most loved of the Bavarian individuals is # 8220 ; wesswurst or white frankfurter # 8221 ; ( BSC Foods ) . Schmidt 4 This dish contains # 8220 ; porc bacon, veau, lemon, onions, salt, Petroselinum crispum, white Piper nigrum and Myristica fragrans # 8221 ; ( BSC Foods ) . Another hotdog dish had at breakfast is # 8220 ; Knapwurst # 8221 ; ( Crocker 142 ) . Knapwust is a customary supplement in numerous German places and is made with # 8220 ; hamburger, porc, H2O, onion, moved oats, salt, cloves, Myristica fragrans, and Piper nigrum # 8221 ; ( 142 ) . Bavarian # 8217 ; s alongside different Germans eat extremely robust nibbles like radishes, Spaetzle, Kartofflpuffer, and Apfelfannkuchen ( 355 ) . Bavarians other than have conventional and non customary dishes. A portion of the more conventional being gebraten Hahnchen ( Cornish biddies ) , Gugelhupf, and Zwetschgenkuchen ( 355 ) . The non-customary supplements are expedient and simple to fix and are eaten one the weekdays. They incorporate Rinderrouladen, Himmel und Erde, and Stollen ( 355 ) . In shuting the Bavarian individuals eat a grouping of national dishes. The imposts, culinary workmanship, and individuals of the Bavaria have been affected from various perspectives through the mature ages. This is a result of the individuals advancing neighborhood customs and populating its alone development effectively. Bavaria is non just known for its conventions however adjacent to for its solid network sense, hierarchical enrichment, brightness and skill of head. These characteristics have a place with Bavarians on account of their state Germany. The Germans like the Bavarians are viewed as a sort and ground-breaking race that have a solid sense for the expressing # 8220 ; no work no prize # 8221 ; ( anon ) . # 8220 ; Their cosmopolite perspectives, feeling of custom and an inborn inclination for music make the race known and adored a long ways past the [ German ] boondocks # 8221 ; ( anon ) . List of sources Schmidt 5 Alta Vista. # 8220 ; Cyberspace: Translator. # 8221 ; On-line. Web. 6 December 2000. Accessible: hypertext move convention:/www.bable.altavista.com/ Anon. # 8220 ; Germany however Time. # 8221 ; Faces Cobblestone Publishing March 2000:12-13 Anon. # 8220 ; Germany at a Glance. # 8221 ; Faces Cobblestone Publishing March 2000:4-5. Bavarian State Chancellery. # 8220 ; Cyberspace: Bavaria. # 8221 ; On-line. Web. 30 Nov. 2000. Accessible hypertext move convention:/www.bayern.de/BayernInfo/geschichteE.html # kap7 Beine, Joe. # 8220 ; Cyberspace: German Roots. # 8221 ; On-line. Web. 1998-2000. Accessible: hypertext move convention:/www.germanroots.com/ Crocker, Betty. Betty Crocker # 8217 ; s International Cookbook. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Irregular House, 1980. Microsoft Encarta 96 Encyclopedia. Cd ROM. Area Unknown: Microsoft Partnership, 1995. Nelles, Gunter. Munich and Excursions to Castles Lakes and Mountains. Munchen, Germany: Gorenjski Tisk, 1995. Schuler, Elizabeth. German Cookery. New York: Crown Publishers, 1995. Wolff, Dr. Paul. Germany. Frankfurt: 1950.

Outbox August 18, 2017

Inbox/Outbox August 18, 2017 August has been a strange month for my reading habits. I am currently living on a friends couch while searching for a new apartment, which means I am far from my own book collection (oh, how I pine for them). It also means Im hesitant to bring more books into my life until I have a new place to put them. But, lets be real, that doesnt mean I havent acquired any new books. INBOX (Books Acquired) SLAM!  by Pamela Ribon and Veronica Fish Its a comic about roller derby! Thats all I know about it and its all I need to know to say, yes please I am in give it here. Plus I love the illustrator, Veronica Fish, who also illustrates the new Archie series and  The Wendy Project,  a gorgeous retelling of Peter Pan. I knew this was a thing since it came out in issues but Ive been saving myself for the trade and I cant wait to dig in. The Invention of Angela Carter  by Edmund Gordon Ive been wanting the Angela Carter bio since it came out, but it is so hardcover and heavy that I figured Id just wait until the paperback. And then a friend of mine (who now works at Oxford University Press) sent me a copy and I squeed because nothing is better than receiving a book you wanted but did not ask for. I love Carters gruesome fairy tales and I am slowly reading her collection of non-fiction, so this makes a welcome and wonderful addition to my library. OUTBOX (Books Read) Her Body and Other Parties by Carmen Maria Machado (out October 3rd) I have not been this excited about a short story collection in years. It  is an intoxicating combination of folklore and pop culture, fabulism and realism. My favorite story, Inventory, takes place in a time when a mass infectious disease is spreading, but the story is told entirely through a recounting of the narrators sexual encounters. These stories will make your skin crawl; I recommend you read them slowly, and not before bed. We Are Never Meeting In Real Life  by Samantha Irby The audiobook is narrated by Irby herself and it had me cracking up regularly. In this essay collection, Irby tackles a wide range of subjects, from racism, sexuality, and adulting to The Bachelorette, suburbia, and cunnilingus. There is nothing in this world I dont want to hear Samantha Irbys take on. She is smart, irreverent, and completely engaging. Also, the essays where she narrates her cats bitchy remarks are my favorite. IN THE QUEUE Catapult  by Emily Fridlund (out October 10th) Ive heard such good things about Fridlunds novel  History of Wolves, but Im more of a short story person, so Im psyched Sarabande (an awesome indie publisher) is releasing this collection. I know nothing else about it, but a good publisher and good writer is all the recommendation I need. Oh, and look at that coverâ€"so good. Too Much and Not In the Mood  by Durga Chew-Bose I started this essay collection months ago, but got distracted. But Ive heard so many wonderful things, I am excited to begin it anew. The prose is gorgeous, winding, and fairly denseâ€"if the first essay is any indicationâ€"so I just need a good amount of space/time to really sink into it. What are you reading this week?

Archaeology and Prehistory of Cuba

Cuba is the largest of the Caribbean islands and one of the closest to the mainland. People, probably coming from Central America, first settled on Cuba around 4200 BC. Archaic Cuba Many of the oldest sites in Cuba are located in caves and rock shelters on the interior valleys and along the coast. Among these, the Levisa rock shelter, in the Levisa river valley, is the most ancient, dating to about 4000 BC. Archaic period sites usually include workshops with stone tools, such as small blades, hammer stones and polished stone balls, shell artifacts, and pendants. In few of these cave sites burial areas and examples of pictographs have been recorded. Most of these ancient sites were located along the coast and the change in sea levels has now submerged any evidence. In Western Cuba, hunter-gatherer groups, such as the early Ciboneys, maintained this pre-ceramic life style well into the Fifteenth century and after. Cuba First Pottery Pottery first appeared on Cuba around AD 800. In this period, Cuban cultures experienced an intense interaction with people from other Caribbean Islands, especially from Haiti and the Dominican Republic. For this reason, some archaeologists suggest that the introduction of pottery was due to groups of migrants from these islands. Others, instead, opt for a local innovation. The site of Arroyo del Palo, a small site in eastern Cuba, contains one of the earliest pottery examples in association with stone artifacts typical of the previous Archaic phase. Taino Culture in Cuba Taà ­no groups seem to have arrived at Cuba around AD 300, importing a farming life style. Most of the Taino settlements in Cuba were located in the easternmost region of the island. Sites such as La Campana, El Mango and Pueblo Viejo were large villages with large plazas and the typical Taà ­nos enclosed areas. Other important sites include the burial area of Chorro de Maà ­ta, and Los Buchillones, a well-preserved pile dwelling site on the north coast of Cuba. Cuba was among the first of the Caribbean Islands to be visited by the Europeans, during the first of Columbus voyages in 1492. It was conquered by the Spanish conquistador Diego de Velasquez in 1511. Archaeological Sites in Cuba Levisa rock shelterCueva FuncheSeborucoLos BuchillonesMonte CristoCayo RedondoArroyo del PaloBig Wall SitePueblo ViejoLa CampanaEl MangoChorro de Maà ­ta. Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com guide to Caribbean, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Saunders Nicholas J., 2005, The Peoples of the Caribbean. An Encyclopedia of Archaeology and Traditional Culture. ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, California. Wilson, Samuel, 2007, The Archaeology of the Caribbean, Cambridge World Archaeology Series. Cambridge University Press, New York

International Culture and the Business - 720 Words

International Culture and the Business Culture Culture refers to the sum of integrated learned behavior traits shared by members of a society ADDIN EN.CITE Hofstede2001449(Hofstede, 2001)4494496Hofstede, G.Cultures Negation-Comparing values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organization Across Nation2001USASage Publication( HYPERLINK l _ENREF_2 o Hofstede, 2001 #449 Hofstede, 2001). In the 19th century Edwad Tylor gave the classical definition of culture as the complex whole including; arts knowledge, morals, custom, law, beliefs and any other habits and capabilities man acquires being a member of a society ADDIN EN.CITE Ghemawat2007448(Ghemawat, 2007)44844817Ghemawat, P. Managing differences; The central challenge of global strategyHarvard Business ReviewHarvard Business Review59-688532007( HYPERLINK l _ENREF_1 o Ghemawat, 2007 #448 Ghemawat, 2007). This definition gives us an overall understanding that culture is obtained and observed out of interactions in the society. The international perspective of culture intimates that attrib utes of a given society need to be observed in business operations. Business operation in the international arena highly depends on the cultures observed and, how well the business incorporates those cultures in its operations. Considerations of the cultures observed in the locality where operations are to be started and the companys culture is needful. Compatibility between these aspects acts as the prospect factor for success. TheShow MoreRelatedCulture And International Business Negotiations1188 Words   |  5 PagesCulture and International Business Negotiations Global trades account for more than 60% of the world’s Gross Domestic Product (The Economist, 2014, para. 2), therefore, the important role of International Business Negotiations (IBN) in the global economy. 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Thus far they have discovered that culture is somethingRead MoreEffect of Culture in International Business Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Culture is an important part of International Business. Culture is defining the collection of values, beliefs, behaviours, customs and attitudes of the member in the society. Culture is the behaviour that people act in the community. The characteristic of culture is also reflects learned behaviour that is transmitted from one member to another in society. There are also basic elements cultures such as social structure, language and religious. So the foreigner who wants to operateRead MoreInternational Cultural Difference Of Business Culture1234 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction Culture is the social behaviour and integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behaviour that depends upon the capacity fro learning and transmitting knowledge to future generations It is the set of values, goals and practices that characterise an organisation A key to being successful in business internationally is to understand the role of culture in international business.cultural differences will have a direct impact on your profitability in any sectorsRead MoreBusiness Ethics Of International Business : Culture, Consumers And Employees1152 Words   |  5 PagesCourse: INB385 International Business Date: October 11, 2015 Response to Ethical Challenges in International Business: Culture, Consumers and Employees Introduction General business ethics applies in the case of international business. 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He contended how the culture of the leaders and staff can help one to determine the achievement or ineffectiveness of that business. Rue Byars described leadership as an ability to influence people and willingly follow one’s guidance or adhere to one’s decisions (Rue, Byars, 2009). The most successful CEO’s and leaders have a well-definedRead MoreWhy Culture Matters Within International Business1076 Words   |  5 PagesWhy culture matters in International Business The purpose of this memo is to explain why culture matters in International Business and to give you some background information on culture and how this can improve the business once it is expanded abroad. According to Cavusgil, knight, Riesenberger(2014), â€Å"Culture is the learned, shared and lasting orientation patterns in a society. People demonstrate their culture through values, ideas, attitudes, behaviors, and symbolsâ€Å"(p.82). 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Answer 1: Culture of society means the people think and do as the members of the society or we can say in the simple words the way of life of a people live. Culture is basically made up of four things Material

What Really Makes Factories Flexible Free Essays

Introduction: In this literature, â€Å"What really makes factories flexible? † the writer brought out the topic for factory flexibility, which defines as a production  facility  organized  to  respond to customer orders quickly in order to provide  a  full  and varied range  of  operations  or  services, across many  product lines with very short  changeover times and may introduce new products of similar range fairly easy. For example, most modern  automobile plants  are designed as  flexible  factories to build various models. Having acknowledged the importance of flexibility, how would manufacturing managers in a broad array of industries find pathways to improve the process? What are the difficulties of defining flexibility of a plant and how do they measure flexibility in terms of plant productivity? What measurements are needed to show improvement of the process? The author performed a research in a study of sixty-one factories in North America that manufacture fine paper to find out the answer. We will write a custom essay sample on What Really Makes Factories Flexible or any similar topic only for you Order Now Define the problem: Unlike most other industries in which different plants make different products, the paper industry’s products are more comparable across plants since paper are produced by very similar process. There are a few characteristics for the paper industries to be the right candidate. In paper industry, the qualities of products by grades are straightforward numbers which can be able to be measured by the author. These numbers enabled the author to develop both the range of paper a plant could produce and how much time it needed for a plant to switch from making one kind of paper to making another. By using these numbers the author was be able to define the operational flexibility for manufacturing plants needed to measure and find the ways to improve the processes. Defining the problem is the first thing needed by each manager. â€Å"What is flexibility? † Managers are having hard times to define as the term may mean very different for different people. At plant level, it is about the ability to change over or adapt new system, however, specifying and characterizing this ability is not an easy task. As one manager may talk about the flexibility to produce the types of production from up and down depending on what the market needs; another manager may talks about the flexibility to change over from making one type of paper to another with less time and money. In the author’s point of view, flexibility should be emphasized in determining by its competitive environment. The measurement of flexibility can be based on a) product range in different things as a plant can have the ability to produce a small number of products that are very different from one another b) mobility for a plant to change over from making one product to another and c) uniformity of performance as a flexible plant can perform comparably well to make any product within a specified range. Once managers have defined the different kinds of flexibility they are trying to develop, another set of issues had come up as how to measure the flexibility and improvement of flexibility. Also it is often unclear in which general features of a plant must be changed in order to make its operations flexible. The depth and wisdom of experience managers have to be carefully assessing their strategies to define what kind of flexibility they are looking for before embarking on a flexibility program, or otherwise the results can be disastrous. Implication and analysis to select best alternatives: By collecting production data, the author was able to measure the breadth of paper grades that each plant was capable of producing and the changeover time that each plant required to switch between grades. There were additional measurements of flexibility such as workforce by length of service, the level of computer integration (CIM), the change and break frequency, etc. Each plant may emphasize in a whole range of factors from different quality and types of flexibility based on the managers, so end up there are large differences across plants. One major issue covered in this literature is that the degree of computer integration (CIM) does not really help on plant flexibility by increasing range of products produced or improving change over time even though large money was invested in it. Managers often have difficulty justifying CIM projects on the basis of cost savings or quality improvements therefore justify them on basis of improved flexibility CIM will provide. In this case, only the engineers or a few trained employees understand how the system works; most of the plant operators are not trained to operate which create problems. Operators instead decide to perform manual-change over, which in a surprising findings the best manual change system operate much faster than computer. This result shows the serious problem from operators as they have no interest to adapt the change to operate CIM. It hit hard on the managers with thoughts being reluctant that they are doing something right, but actually they are wrong. Implement decision to change the system: For successful manager to figure out the issues of CIM before implementing it in a plant, they should consider building up skills for their operators. As the author denoted, â€Å"Plants become more flexible when managers stress to workers the importance of flexibility. For example, a plant that wants to excel at customizing products will need to develop the capabilities to carry out large range of jobs in the plant. Managers then need to determine what type of workforce or equipment (ex CIM) needs to enhance flexibility. After that managers need to figure out different ways to measure the type of flexibility sought and emphasize the importance of the measures to the employees. Trainings should be added in th e process to build up experienced workforce and eventually to see improvement in flexibility. For example, continuous learning problem such as operational excellence may help management team in different level to control and maintain a flexible manufacturing plant. Evaluate the outcome: By integrating the appropriate steps to a) defining the problem of flexibility, b) implication and analysis to select best alternatives and c) implement decision to change the system, the next step is to evaluate the outcome to see if there is any improvement or if not, further alterations will need to be made. Outcomes that need to be evaluated are not limited to employee training in different level. Employees training based on experience are critical for a manufacturing plant to increase flexibility. More experience workers are not willing to adapting the new systems such as CIM comparing to less experience workers who are more willing to change. Conclusion: A good manufacturing management team designs what is best way for its plant to run, and plants that are flexible in terms of mobility (in terms of change over time) and range (in terms of various productivity) tended to have a clear measures of what flexibility should be developed. Managers have to decide what benefits the plant, how the plant operate, what kind of flexibility they are looking for, select the right decision making tools such as CIM, training for the employees based on different levels of experience, analyzing the data and provide surveys for customers. Managers should provide people the support needed in order to achieve the goal for lower the cost, decreasing change over time, increasing throughput and eventually make more money. Manager should never put too much faith in depending on CIM to complete the tasks in ease. CIM provides critical advantages to improve factory flexibility only if it can be implemented in the right way to fit the system. CIM generally needs experienced operators to control so trainings are critical for employees in different level. CIM could only be one of the alternative tools for managers to use. The flexibility of a plant depends much more on people (manager, field-supervisors, engineers and operators) than on any technical factor (automation, CIM). Managers should never only embraced in CIM as the solution to the growing need to forge new capabilities, instead managers should put more faith in the day to day management of people. Extended Research: I read two other articles which were written within the last three years. It is obvious that both articles talk about how computer integration both software and hardware can help to improve process flow and flexibility of a plant. This is because a more mature CIM system has been established through studies from field experts and universities. In general, employees nowadays understand that continuous learning is the keys to maintain competitiveness in the job market. This doesn’t mean that managers’ job are easier to do, but flexibilities in all level from a plant, a team, or just individual are critical in order to maintain a competitive advantage. Reference: 1. Manufacturing Flexibility – Synchronizing the Shop Floor and Supply Chain by Aberdeen Group 2. Improving Plant Performance and Flexibility in Batch Process Manufacturing: With an Example from the Food and Beverage Industry by Filippo Focacci How to cite What Really Makes Factories Flexible, Essay examples

What Really Makes Factories Flexible Free Essays

Introduction: In this literature, â€Å"What really makes factories flexible? † the writer brought out the topic for factory flexibility, which defines as a production  facility  organized  to  respond to customer orders quickly in order to provide  a  full  and varied range  of  operations  or  services, across many  product lines with very short  changeover times and may introduce new products of similar range fairly easy. For example, most modern  automobile plants  are designed as  flexible  factories to build various models. Having acknowledged the importance of flexibility, how would manufacturing managers in a broad array of industries find pathways to improve the process? What are the difficulties of defining flexibility of a plant and how do they measure flexibility in terms of plant productivity? What measurements are needed to show improvement of the process? The author performed a research in a study of sixty-one factories in North America that manufacture fine paper to find out the answer. We will write a custom essay sample on What Really Makes Factories Flexible or any similar topic only for you Order Now Define the problem: Unlike most other industries in which different plants make different products, the paper industry’s products are more comparable across plants since paper are produced by very similar process. There are a few characteristics for the paper industries to be the right candidate. In paper industry, the qualities of products by grades are straightforward numbers which can be able to be measured by the author. These numbers enabled the author to develop both the range of paper a plant could produce and how much time it needed for a plant to switch from making one kind of paper to making another. By using these numbers the author was be able to define the operational flexibility for manufacturing plants needed to measure and find the ways to improve the processes. Defining the problem is the first thing needed by each manager. â€Å"What is flexibility? † Managers are having hard times to define as the term may mean very different for different people. At plant level, it is about the ability to change over or adapt new system, however, specifying and characterizing this ability is not an easy task. As one manager may talk about the flexibility to produce the types of production from up and down depending on what the market needs; another manager may talks about the flexibility to change over from making one type of paper to another with less time and money. In the author’s point of view, flexibility should be emphasized in determining by its competitive environment. The measurement of flexibility can be based on a) product range in different things as a plant can have the ability to produce a small number of products that are very different from one another b) mobility for a plant to change over from making one product to another and c) uniformity of performance as a flexible plant can perform comparably well to make any product within a specified range. Once managers have defined the different kinds of flexibility they are trying to develop, another set of issues had come up as how to measure the flexibility and improvement of flexibility. Also it is often unclear in which general features of a plant must be changed in order to make its operations flexible. The depth and wisdom of experience managers have to be carefully assessing their strategies to define what kind of flexibility they are looking for before embarking on a flexibility program, or otherwise the results can be disastrous. Implication and analysis to select best alternatives: By collecting production data, the author was able to measure the breadth of paper grades that each plant was capable of producing and the changeover time that each plant required to switch between grades. There were additional measurements of flexibility such as workforce by length of service, the level of computer integration (CIM), the change and break frequency, etc. Each plant may emphasize in a whole range of factors from different quality and types of flexibility based on the managers, so end up there are large differences across plants. One major issue covered in this literature is that the degree of computer integration (CIM) does not really help on plant flexibility by increasing range of products produced or improving change over time even though large money was invested in it. Managers often have difficulty justifying CIM projects on the basis of cost savings or quality improvements therefore justify them on basis of improved flexibility CIM will provide. In this case, only the engineers or a few trained employees understand how the system works; most of the plant operators are not trained to operate which create problems. Operators instead decide to perform manual-change over, which in a surprising findings the best manual change system operate much faster than computer. This result shows the serious problem from operators as they have no interest to adapt the change to operate CIM. It hit hard on the managers with thoughts being reluctant that they are doing something right, but actually they are wrong. Implement decision to change the system: For successful manager to figure out the issues of CIM before implementing it in a plant, they should consider building up skills for their operators. As the author denoted, â€Å"Plants become more flexible when managers stress to workers the importance of flexibility. For example, a plant that wants to excel at customizing products will need to develop the capabilities to carry out large range of jobs in the plant. Managers then need to determine what type of workforce or equipment (ex CIM) needs to enhance flexibility. After that managers need to figure out different ways to measure the type of flexibility sought and emphasize the importance of the measures to the employees. Trainings should be added in th e process to build up experienced workforce and eventually to see improvement in flexibility. For example, continuous learning problem such as operational excellence may help management team in different level to control and maintain a flexible manufacturing plant. Evaluate the outcome: By integrating the appropriate steps to a) defining the problem of flexibility, b) implication and analysis to select best alternatives and c) implement decision to change the system, the next step is to evaluate the outcome to see if there is any improvement or if not, further alterations will need to be made. Outcomes that need to be evaluated are not limited to employee training in different level. Employees training based on experience are critical for a manufacturing plant to increase flexibility. More experience workers are not willing to adapting the new systems such as CIM comparing to less experience workers who are more willing to change. Conclusion: A good manufacturing management team designs what is best way for its plant to run, and plants that are flexible in terms of mobility (in terms of change over time) and range (in terms of various productivity) tended to have a clear measures of what flexibility should be developed. Managers have to decide what benefits the plant, how the plant operate, what kind of flexibility they are looking for, select the right decision making tools such as CIM, training for the employees based on different levels of experience, analyzing the data and provide surveys for customers. Managers should provide people the support needed in order to achieve the goal for lower the cost, decreasing change over time, increasing throughput and eventually make more money. Manager should never put too much faith in depending on CIM to complete the tasks in ease. CIM provides critical advantages to improve factory flexibility only if it can be implemented in the right way to fit the system. CIM generally needs experienced operators to control so trainings are critical for employees in different level. CIM could only be one of the alternative tools for managers to use. The flexibility of a plant depends much more on people (manager, field-supervisors, engineers and operators) than on any technical factor (automation, CIM). Managers should never only embraced in CIM as the solution to the growing need to forge new capabilities, instead managers should put more faith in the day to day management of people. Extended Research: I read two other articles which were written within the last three years. It is obvious that both articles talk about how computer integration both software and hardware can help to improve process flow and flexibility of a plant. This is because a more mature CIM system has been established through studies from field experts and universities. In general, employees nowadays understand that continuous learning is the keys to maintain competitiveness in the job market. This doesn’t mean that managers’ job are easier to do, but flexibilities in all level from a plant, a team, or just individual are critical in order to maintain a competitive advantage. Reference: 1. Manufacturing Flexibility – Synchronizing the Shop Floor and Supply Chain by Aberdeen Group 2. Improving Plant Performance and Flexibility in Batch Process Manufacturing: With an Example from the Food and Beverage Industry by Filippo Focacci How to cite What Really Makes Factories Flexible, Essay examples

Its Better to Fail Than to Cheat. free essay sample

Many people or more specifically, students think that learning and studying is hard, so they give no importance to it and think that copying or cheating is an easy way out. But when they graduate and come to professional life. They face difficulties. i. e. In getting jobs. They search for jobs and unfortunately, the job they get is about something they don’t know about because they had cheated before. And then, learn the skills of doing their jobs. Cheating  refers to an immoral way of achieving a goal. It is generally used for the breaking of rules to gain advantage in a competitive situation. Cheating is the setting of reward for ability by dishonest means. And to fail is to repeat. There is a quote: â€Å"I would prefer even to fail with honor than win by cheating. † Sophocles. For example let’s take a Doctor: If someone becomes a doctor, and to pass his or her medical exams, that person cheated. We will write a custom essay sample on Its Better to Fail Than to Cheat or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And then in professional life that person has a patient waiting for the doctor, whereas the doctor doesnt know what to do That is a big responsibility. This is how it becomes a big problem for that someone and the person suffering. People may cheat and pass their exams but in the future they face difficulties. There is no use of education if cheated. People should not be afraid of failing; As Failing is just a step away from success. â€Å"It is hard to fail, but it is worse never to have tried to succeed. Theodore Roosevelt  . â€Å"I didnt fail the test; I just found 100 ways to do it wrong. † Benjamin Franklin Basically, cheating destroys a person’s future. So it is better to fail NOW and see our weak points and try to overcome them instead of cheating and putting ourselves in danger or major problems. We should always remember that Allah S. W. T is watching us and is with us all the time even when we are sleeping. Jazaka’Allah Essay by: Momina Allahwala

Academic Writing Essentials Essay Example

Academic Writing Essentials Essay Example Academic Writing Essentials Essay Academic Writing Essentials Essay Essay Topic: Academic The definition of academic writing is â€Å"writing an essay, thesis, report, journal article or another document for purposes of educating the reader or achieving some scholarly aim for the writer† (yourdictionary.com). For instance, this essay would be considered academic writing based on the condition of achieving a scholarly aim for myself the â€Å"writer.† I have identified three elements that I believe are vital to good academic writing. These elements are academic vocabulary, using evidence to support your argument, and citing source material. Throughout this essay, I will speak about the importance of these elements. Also, I will briefly discuss a challenge that was discovered as I did research for this essay. A problem that many students face when presented with the task of writing in an academic format. Academic vocabulary refers to words that are traditionally used in academic dialogue and text. These types of words are used to explain a concept; they are not necessarily common or frequently encountered in informal conversations (Spellingcity.com). Academic vocabulary is essential when writing about a specific subject for informative purposes. â€Å"The link between vocabulary and comprehension is well established† (Townsend, D., Kiernan, D. (2015) (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2000; Stahl Fairbanks, 1986). There are general academic words and discipline-specific academic words. â€Å"College-level and professional writing requires clarity both in grammar and word choice so that the reader can easily understand complex ideas† (Moxley, J. (2010). The next element is using evidence to support your argument. This is essential because academic writing is for an educational purpose. The reader needs facts, not just the writer’s opinion. As the writer is presenting the argument, the reader needs evidence to see how the writer arrived at that particular conclusion. This evidence can come in many fo

How to beat distraction, the new writers block - Emphasis

How to beat distraction, the new writers block How to beat distraction, the new writers block Writers block used to mean sitting at your desk, staring into the empty void that was your screen and hoping for inspiration. Ah, those were the days. Now its not emptiness but a world crammed with tempting morsels thats the problem. Gone is the blank screen. In its place is an infinite variety of distractions, each way more enticing than not just writing but even thinking about writing. Half the problem is the very place where you write your documents – your computer. Because thats where most of the distractions are. Even the best ideas stand helpless against an onslaught of instant messages, notifications, Google searches and browser tabs (each of which can easily lead you to the other, forming a complex loop that quickly fills your head with a kind of digital fug). I never thought Id feel nostalgic for plain vanilla writers block. But in the era before the web got its spindly filaments into every part of our lives, at least you could identify and isolate the problem. Maybe it was fear of failure. Perhaps a lack of ideas. These days, concentrating for more than a few minutes is a challenge in itself. Trying to join two ideas together takes near super-human focus. Fortunately, I think I may have discovered the solution. And focus is at its core. Its an online course called Focused Every Day, from the author David Levin. (You can try a free version of the programme here.) Ive actually tried this course and it worked for me. In fact, Id say its one of the most effective programmes Ive followed in a long, long time. (To put the recommendation in context, this is the first time in our 15-year history that weve endorsed a course from someone else.) Its improved my own focus many-fold, with the result not only that ideas have begun to flow again but that Ive been able to capture and act on them. Its made distraction much, much easier to control and dramatically improved my own business-writing output. So, why does it work? I think its because Levin has taken some very simple yet powerful concepts and made them incredibly easy to apply. Its a deceptively straightforward course. This and the authors gentle, engaging delivery are its great strengths. Its such a refreshing change from, say, books that require you to memorise intricate concepts or change your entire approach to everyday life. I strongly urge you to give it a go. Sign up for the free training videos here.

Charlemange as a ruler and diplomat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Charlemange as a ruler and diplomat - Essay Example Charlemagne’s rule was essentially feudal – structured in a hierarchical fashion, with lesser rulers bound by acts of fealty to higher ones.† (Cunningham and Reich, 2009, pp. 185-6). Therefore, it is fundamental to comprehend that Charlemagne was a great ruler who brought back the glory and legacy of the Roman Empire in a substantial way. It is also essential to relate here that Charlemagne, as a Christian ruler, was greatly concerned with improving the administration of the empire as well as influencing the church affairs. As a ruler and diplomat, Charlemagne holds a legacy which lives even in the modern world and the Carolingian Empire has played a crucial role in the history of the Roman Catholic Church as well as the history of the Western Europe. Significantly, the quality of Charlemagne’s rule contributed to his legacy and reputation as the most powerful Christian ruler of the Western Europe during the medieval age. â€Å"A defender of the papacy and a patron of learning, he helped lay the foundations for medieval European civilization†¦ The Carolingian Empire profoundly influenced the history of western Europe and the Roman Catholic Church.† (Testa, Lemoine, and Strickland, 2001, p. 35).

Nursing Shortage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing Shortage - Essay Example A few nurses are ready to help the distressed individuals due to many reasons and scarcity of nurses is creating many impacts on patients as well as the healthcare industry. This study has been selected to scrutinize the impact of nurse scarcity on the health care industries to convey ample health care assessment, diagnosis and treatment services to patients. The evaluation of the required number of nurses because of the patient to nurse ratio and availability of floor nurses is crucial in terms of getting the right considerations to the problem (Dinsdale, 2004). Chapter 2: Literature Review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦..14 Nursing Staff Shortage and the Hospital Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...14 Post Training†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15 The shortage of acute care nurses is one of the primary concerns in the healthcare industry across the world. The issue has created a substantial impact on the fitness activities efficiency in hospitals and healthcare centers. Several studies have shown that the nursing graduates entering in the nursing profession and those who are still in the occupation are not enough to facilitate the hospitals and patients. The healthcare professional shortage is one of the chief impediments in the achievement of United Nation’s Millennium Development goals to remove poverty, hunger, improvement of education systems, reduction in morbidity, and mortality as written in the guidelines of the year 2004 that are provided by the international nursing council (Littlejohn, Campbell & Collins-McNeil, 2012). The problem of shortage of acute care nurses has a relation to the past historical staffing, appointment, resources, nursing demand estimation, and nursing concerns for healthcare services of a country. The issue of shortage of nurses is not easily measureable and demands extraordinary planning and requirements. The relative

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Star Topology Computer Science Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Star Topology Computer Science Essay Many home networks use the star topology. A star network features a central connection point called a hub that may be a hub, switch or router. Devices typically connect to the hub with Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Ethernet. Compared to the bus topology, a star network generally requires more cable, but a failure in any star network cable will only take down one computers network access and not the entire LAN. (If the hub fails, however, the entire network also fails.) Star Topology is the most common type of network topology that is used in homes and offices. In the Star Topology there is a central connection point called the hub which is a computer hub or sometimes just a switch. In a Star Network the best advantage is when there is a failure in cable then only one computer might get affected and not the entire network. In a Star Network the entire network is dependant on the hub so if the entire network is not working then there could be a problem with the hub. This feature makes it easy to troubleshoot by offering a single point for error connection ad at the same time the dependency is also very high on that single point. Star Topology Advantages à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ A Star Network Topology is very easy to manage because of its simplicity in functionality. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The problems can be easily located logically in a Star Topology and therefore is easy to troubleshoot also. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The Star Topology is very simple in format so it is very easy to expand on the Star Topology. Star Topology Disadvantages à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The Star Topology is fully dependant on the hub and the entire working of the network depends on the hub or the switch. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ If there are many nodes and the cable is long then the network may slow down. Since all the computers on the network have independent control of their networks and only dependant on the central hub computer, the failures in transmission and other possible problems in this area are less likely. Also if the hub is safe then every computer in the network is safe. This type of network also offers more privacy than any other network. All the computers in the network are communicating with one main centrally located computer and there is no peer to peer coordination. If the peer to peer coordination takes place it is routed through the central hub. This way the privacy of each and every computer on the network is maintained. b). UTP Cable Advantage: 1. The main advantage of cable lan is that it is capable of transmitting data at very high speed rates : even much faster to that data that can be transmitted over telephone. 2.It is cost effective as no excess hardware is required. 3. It is secure way of communication as no external virus interrupt. 4. It is stable as it show irs effect in smaller area. Disadvantage: 1.The Disadvantages to a twised pair cable (AKA A Cross Over Cable): 2.It will require direct p2p (peer to peer) connections , e.g. straight from one computer to another (Mostly Via Ethernet or Com) 3.It will be incompatiable if talking to more then 1 computer by going throught a switch or hub. 4.Cross Over Cables should only be used when one computer needs to talk to another one right next to it, or if you are connecting to a router (via the console port) to configure it. Wireless advantages and disadvantages One of the major problems that presents itself is the already limited spectrum available for communications. The remaining free spectrum has to be used to its maximum potential, spread spectrum technology presenting itself as a suitable means of increasing performance. Splitting up of the environment into a number of small cells also increases the overall accessible bandwidth of the communication system, but also increases the cost as more cell sites are required. Techniques such as diversity combining can also be used to increase the available bandwidth through improved reception capabilities. Where a large number of devices, each being of a low power, are transmitting, a sizable amount of radio power is being generated. The effects of radio communication on human health are being examined , however much more work is required in this area before large scale communication systems are developed. The unconstrained nature of the communication medium of radio requires the issue of network security to be addressed. Verification of communication entities must also be performed to ensure that only registered devices may communicate using the network, and that only registered devices may receive the data. c). Reason for why I choose star topology: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ A Star Network Topology is very easy to manage because of its simplicity in functionality. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The problems can be easily located logically in a Star Topology and therefore is easy to troubleshoot also. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The Star Topology is very simple in format so it is very easy to expand on the Star Topology. Task-02 a). The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support electronic mail. Most traditional communications media including telephone, music, film, and television are being reshaped or redefined by the Internet. Newspaper, book and other print publishing are having to adapt to Web sites and blogging. The Internet has enabled or accelerated new forms of human interactions through instant messaging, Internet forums, and social networking. Online shopping has boomed both for major retail outlets and small artisans and traders. Business-to-business and financial services on the Internet affect supply chains across entire industries. b). Banglalion starts the shopping mall activation. you can know about Banglalion WiMAX enjoy our subscription at your nearest shopping Mall. following is the activation Calender. Shopping Mall Date Dhaka Pink City, Gulshan 5 June, 2010 Anam Rangs Plaza, Dhanmondi 11 June, 2010 Shah Ali Market, Mirpur 12 June, 2010 North Tower, Uttara 18 June, 2010 Eastern Plaza, Hatirpool 19 June, 2010 Multiplan Center, Elephant Road 25 June, 2010 Concord Twin Towers (Shantinagar) 26 June, 2010 Metro Shopping Mall 2 July, Qubee is a new and exciting company from Augere providing fast and reliable broadband internet services to residential and business customers across Bangladesh. We believe that everyone should be able to enjoy trouble-free access to the internet and the world of opportunities that it brings. Our aim is to make a magical internet experience available to everyone, everyday, without exception. Qubee is the creation of a group of global telecoms professionals who saw that a new technology called WiMAX could really change the internet experience for millions of people worldwide. WiMAX means that you dont need telephone lines or cable to get connected: all you need is to live close enough to a transmitter to receive the internet wirelessly. As you read, were busy building a network of base stations to offer our brand of internet access right across Bangladesh. Were starting in Dhaka, but quickly plan to do the same in cities nationwide. c). Bangla Lion Advanced Data Network (ADN) Qubee d). Qubee introduces range of new packages to suit your monthly need. Be it speed, volume; Qubee has the solution which is fast and reliable. Now you can enjoy the fast and reliable 512 kbps speed @ Tk 1250. Enjoy Skype, streaming YouTube, download and browse your Facebook profile faster. Qubee offers 5 GB, 10 GB and Sky solution for all three speeds. Whether you use email, Skype, connect through social network, browse information, listen to internet radio, and download movies or songs: you can choose the volumes according to your need. Monthly Usage Allowance* Speed 5GB 10GB Sky ** 256 Kbps BDT 850 BDT 950 BDT 1,250 512 Kbps BDT 1,250 BDT 1,450 BDT 2,250 1Mbps BDT 2,250 BDT 2,750 BDT 5,250 *Additional charge of BDT 0.15/MB beyond Usage Allowance is applicable in all packages except Sky. BDT figures in above table indicate monthly fee. Task-03 a). Frequencies: A recent innovation in assessing community vitamin A status is the Helen Keller International food-frequency method, which is based on weekly intakes of key foods among pre-school children. Since it excludes breastmilk, we investigated whether the amount of breastmilk received by 40 children aged one to three years in a rural area of Bangladesh contributed significantly to their vitamin A intake. Vitamin A intake was indirectly calculated from the consumption of breastmilk, which was quantified over a 9-hour period by a test-weighing technique. The estimated mean 24-hour milk intake was 548 g for the 97% who were breastfed at 12 to 23 months and 312 g for the 73% who were breastfed at 24 to 36 months. This represents an average daily intake of 41% and 23% of the safe recommended daily intake (400 RE) for vitamin A, respectively. The Helen Keller International food-frequency method should be revalidated for settings where breastfeeding is sustained beyond infancy. The Helen Keller International food-frequency method approach has certain advantages. The Helen Keller International food-frequency method has been validated against serum retinol in three countries: the Philippines, Guatemala, and Tanzania [16]. However, the majority of vitamin A deficiency is located in South Asia, where such studies have not yet been conducted. At the same time, the tradition of sustaining breastfeeding beyond the first year is stronger in this region than anywhere else in the world. In Bangladesh, for example, the 1996-1997 Demographic and Health Survey found that the mean duration of any breastfeeding was 28 months, based on current status data for children less than three years of age [17], and the median was 36 months. This is comparable to the mean of 27 months reported in 1975-1976 [181, suggesting that no decline in duration has occurred since then. Half Duplex: A duplex communication system is a system composed of two connected parties or devices that can communicate with one another in both directions. (The term multiplexing is used when describing communication between more than two parties or devices.) Duplex systems are employed in many communications networks, either to allow for a communication two-way street between two connected parties or to provide a reverse path for the monitoring and remote adjustment of equipment in the field. Systems that do not need the duplex capability include broadcast systems, where one station transmits and the others just listen, and in some missile guidance systems, where the launcher needs only to command the missile where to go, and the launcher does not need to receive any information from the missile. Also, there are spacecraft such as satellites and space probes that have lost their capability to receive any commands, but they can continue to transmit radio signals through their antennas. Some early satellites (such as Sputnik 1) were designed as transmit-only spacecraft. Pioneer 6 has transmitted for decades without being able to receive anything. Full Duplex: A full-duplex, or sometimes double-duplex system, allows communication in both directions, and, unlike half-duplex, allows this to happen simultaneously. Land-line telephone networks are full-duplex, since they allow both callers to speak and be heard at the same time. A good analogy for a full-duplex system would be a two-lane road with one lane for each direction. Examples: Telephone, Mobile Phone, etc. Two-way radios can be, for instance, designed as full-duplex systems, which transmit on one frequency and receive on a different frequency. This is also called frequency-division duplex. b). This Site and our business change constantly. As a result, at times it may be necessary for BD to make changes to this Privacy Statement and Consent. BD reserves the right to update or modify this Privacy Statement and Consent at any time and from time to time without prior notice. Please review this Statement periodically, and especially before you provide any Personal Data. This Privacy Statement and Consent was last updated on August 1, 2002. Your continued use of the Site after any changes or revisions to this Privacy Statement and Consent shall indicate your agreement with the terms of such revised Privacy Statement and Consent. User Data includes all information passively collected from users of the Site that does not identify a particular individual, including, by way of example, statistical information on Site usage.The terms you, your and yours when used in this Privacy Statement and Consent means any user of this Site. Information That You Give Us: We collect Personal Data such as your name, date of birth, e-mail or mailing address from you when you voluntarily choose to register for or use certain BD Services at this Site. We use the Personal Data that we collect in an effort to provide you with a superior customer experience on the Site and to improve and market BD Services. BD may store such Personal Data itself or it may be stored in databases owned and maintained by BDs affiliates, agents or service providers. BD retains its rights to these databases and the information contained in them. If you register with BD or use certain other of the personalized options we offer, we will create a profile that includes your name, mailing address, e-mail address, and other information that you provide that is pertinent to your specific situation. We may combine such information with data gathered from other sources. For instance, if incorrect postal codes are received, we may use third party software to correct them. We also may collect e-mail or other addresses from prospect lists of other companies, for example, in connection with a joint marketing effort. When we do so, (1) we acknowledge in our correspondence how the recipient was added to our list and (2) we provide a means for recipients to opt out of further communications from us. In addition we may ask you for Personal Data if you enter an educational program, contest or promotion sponsored by BD. c). The Microsoft Volume Licensing program agreements are refreshed annually. This years changes, effective October 1, 2010, will help clarify language, bring alignment among Volume Licensing agreements, and implement significant program enhancements that will help simplify licensing and improve the customer and partner experience. Your existing agreement remains unchanged, as the changes apply to agreements signed after October 1, 2010 (December 1, 2010 for all Select Plus for Academic, Select License for Academic, and Open Program agreements). No action is required until your agreement renewal. See your Microsoft reseller for additional information on the program updates. d). UTP Cable Limitation 1.The Disadvantages to a twised pair cable (AKA A Cross Over Cable): 2.It will require direct p2p (peer to peer) connections , e.g. straight from one computer to another (Mostly Via Ethernet or Com) 3.It will be incompatiable if talking to more then 1 computer by going throught a switch or hub. 4.Cross Over Cables should only be used when one computer needs to talk to another one right next to it, or if you are connecting to a router (via the console port) to configure it. Wireless Limitation: One of the major problems that presents itself is the already limited spectrum available for communications. The remaining free spectrum has to be used to its maximum potential, spread spectrum technology presenting itself as a suitable means of increasing performance. Splitting up of the environment into a number of small cells also increases the overall accessible bandwidth of the communication system, but also increases the cost as more cell sites are required. Techniques such as diversity combining can also be used to increase the available bandwidth through improved reception capabilities. e). Ever notice how you can speak to a dog in a happy, sing-song tone, but tell them something horrible, and they will still be really happy youre talking with them?   Tone of voice is often more important in communication than we realize. The way we send the message is often just as important as the content of the message itself, even to those of us with opposable thumbs and the ability to understand more than a few words of language. When training animals, consistency is key. Similarly, in order to train ones customers about ones brand, a company needs to have a consistent message to all customers in every interaction with every part of the business. Dealing with a company that is always changing its look, sound, and values can be confusing. If part of a businesss marketing materials are very serious, and part of it is surfer talk or chatty girl-talk, it can create accessibility problems for current and potential patrons and partners. How can you trust the company, or trust that it knows who it is and what it is doing, if it doesnt have a consistent message? The tone of voice should communicate your brands values and qualities. A company needs to decide not only the message it wants to get across, but the best way to deliver that message. Task-04 a). A good portion of this web site is devoted to mapping locations and the identification of cellular transmission equipment across Canada. This includes the maps for Victoria, Vancouver, Nanaimo, Kelowna, Whistler, Windsor, Halifax, plus new maps planned for the near future (e.g., Edmonton and Calgary) as well as the Cellular Equipment Identification Guide. Although I show each wireless providers locations on these maps, I do not mention the steps that each of the wireless providers took to establish their network in each of these locations. This article deals with why a wireless service provider would set up a wireless network in a particular market and the steps required to setup a new network. b). If youve looked into setting up, or have set up a home office, or a small business, youre probably aware of how far technology has come in terms of whats available to the average consumer. What used to take up a whole room can now fit neatly under a desk. You can have a multi-server wireless network with a handful of workstations and all the bells and whistles. But is this right for you? Maybe not, but a wireless network may be the key to making your Workplace more efficient. c). Wireless networks, also known as Wireless LANs (WLANs), allow for wireless communication between computers and the Internet without the need for cables between the networked devices. Simple wireless networks can be set up for the home or small office using ones existing Internet access. Typically, a person who is familiar with setting up a computer can install a home wireless network in about an hour by following the guides and manuals.   Typical costs: Wi-Fi technologies conform to several wireless standards that allow the network devices to communicate and interact with one another. There are currently four wireless standards: 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g and 802.11n. Every wireless networking device will list what standards it follows on the box. 802.11g and 802.11n are the prevalent wireless technologies, though most routers still support older standards. Wireless-G (802.11g) broadband routers typically cost less than the newer and faster Wireless-N (802.11g) ones. These 802.11g routers range from $40 to $60. The Linksys WRT54G2 Wireless-G Broadband Router is well-reviewed option in this price range. Wireless-N broadband routers cost more and offers the fastest speed and longest range. These routers cost anywhere from $70 to $170 depending on what features and capabilities get implemented. The D-Link DIR-655 Extreme N Wireless Router at $90 is good choice. The higher priced Netgear Rangemax WNDR3700 Dual Band Wireless-N Gigabit Router at $160 offers twice the bandwidth using Netgears RangeMax technology. What should be included: The wireless broadband router and a network cable to connect to your home internet cable or DSL modem. User manuals and quick start guides to help install and set up the router for the wireless network. Additional costs: In order for ones computer or laptop to communicate to the newly set up wireless network, network adapters such as wireless USB adapters, PCI cards or laptop PC adapters may also be needed. Most newer laptop and notebook computers already have built-in wireless capabilities. Discounts: TIP: Sometimes bundles will be offered at a better price and these often include a wireless router and a USB adapter to be used on a computer. TIP: Many of the networking companies also provide some online or telephone support if there are installation issues, thus saving on any outside professional servicing costs. Shopping for a wireless network: The companies Linksys by Cisco, D-Link, Netgear and Belkin are major manufacturers of wireless routers and adapters. Store retailers such as OfficeMax, Best Buy, Staples, and Office Depot all sell wireless networking equipment. Online retailers such as Amazon.com, Newegg.com and CompUSA also sell wireless computer components. TIP: All of the various networking companies also offer their products for sale on their websites. However, the prices there are often not as discounted as what one would find either in a store or from online retailers. d). Almost as important as properly sizing hvac equipment, is the estimation of annual heating and cooling costs. Most prospective hvac system buyers dont really care what size of a unit they need, they only care about costs, both initial and annual operating costs. To remain competitive, todays hvac contractor must be able to present a credible analysis showing the probable operating cost of a proposed system. A quick, ballpark estimate of operating costs can now be obtained for standard air conditioners and heat pumps listed in the directory published by the American Refrigeration Institute (ARI). In an attempt to compare all models on an equal basis, the ARI directory shows an average national operating cost for each unit listed. As expected, units with low estimated cooling costs also have high SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratios) values. And heat pumps with low heating costs have high HSPF (Heating Seasonal Performance Factors) values .Using the guidelines given above, an have a contractor should be able to find a number of operating cost programs that can greatly aid equipment sales. The biggest difference a contractor can look forward to is the situation where a customer is facing the decision to repair an old, inefficient unit or buy a new, high efficiency model. . Task-05 Mobile Technology For the place where no electrical power and fixed telephone line: Here you will learn about mobile technologies, mobile phones, wireless communication introduction, overview to gsm, gprs, sms and mms reviews. A cellular or mobile phone is a long range portable electronic device for communication over long distance. Current Mobile Phones can support many latest services such as SMS, GPRS, MMS, email, packet switching, WAP, Bluetooth and many more. Most of the mobile phones connect to the cellular networks and which are further connected with the PSTN (Public switching telephone network). Besides mobile communications, there is a wide range of mobile products available such mobile scanners, mobile printers and mobile labelers. Mobile Network Technology Mobile phones and their network vary very significantly from provider to provider and country to country. However the basic communication method of all of them is through the electromagnetic microwaves with a cell base station. The cellular companies have large antennas, which are usually mounted over towers, buildings and poles. The cell phones have low-power transceivers that transmit voice and data to the nearest sites usually within the 5 to 8 miles (8 to 13 kilometers away). When a mobile device or phone is turned on, it registers with the mobile telephone exchange or switch. It is a unique identifier and is alerted by the mobile switch when there is an incoming phone call. The handset listens for the strong signals from the nearest base stations. When a user moves, the mobile device handoff to various nearest sites during phone calls or while waiting between calls it reselect the nearest cell phone sites. Cell sites have relatively less power radio transmitters. They broadcast their presence and relay communications between the mobile handsets and the switch. On the other hand, the switch connects the call to the same or another mobile network or subscriber. The dialogue between the mobile phone handset and the cell phone site is a stream of the digital data, which includes the digitized audio. This technology depends on the same system as of mobile phone operator. Some mobile phone technologies have adopted the AMPS for the analog communication and D-AMPS, CDMA2000, EVDO, GSM, UMTS, and GPRS for the digital communication. Each mobile phone network has a unique radio . Task-06 In Task-01 I will try to describe the star topology, advantage and disadvantage of star topology, advantage and disadvantage of medium and why I should like star topology. Star networks are one of the most common computer network topologies. In its simplest form, a star network consists of one central switch, hub or computer, which acts as a conduit to transmit messages.[1] Thus, the hub and leaf nodes, and the transmission lines between them, form a graph with the topology of a star. If the central node is passive, the originating node must be able to tolerate the reception of an echo of its own transmission, delayed by the two-way transmission time (i.e. to and from the central node) plus any delay generated in the central node. An active star network has an active central node that usually has the means to prevent echo-related problems. The star topology reduces the chance of network failure by connecting all of the systems to a central node. When applied to a bus-based network, this central hub rebroadcasts all transmissions received from any peripheral node to all peripheral nodes on the network, sometimes including the originating node. All peripheral nodes may thus communicate with all others by transmitting to, and receiving from, the central node only. The failure of a transmission line linking any peripheral node to the central node will result in the isolation of that peripheral node from all others, but the rest of the systems will be unaffected. Advantages Better performance: star topology prevents the passing of data packets through an excessive number of nodes. At most, 3 devices and 2 links are involved in any communication between any two devices. Although this topology places a huge overhead on the central hub, with adequate capacity, the hub can handle very high utilization by one device without affecting others. Isolation of devices: Each device is inherently isolated by the link that connects it to the hub. This makes the isolation of individual devices straightforward and amounts to disconnecting each device from the others. This isolation also prevents any non-centralized failure from affecting the network. Benefits from centralization: As the central hub is the bottleneck, increasing its capacity, or connecting additional devices to it, increases the size of the network very easily. Centralization also allows the inspection of traffic through the network. This facilitates analysis of the traffic and detection of suspicious behavior. Simplicity: This topology is easy to understand, establish, and navigate. Its simplicity obviates the need for complex routing or message passing protocols. Also, as noted earlier, the isolation and centralization it allows simplify fault detection, as each link or device can be probed individually. Easy to install and wire. Easy to detect faults and to remove parts. No disruptions to the network when connecting or removing devices. Disadvantages High dependence of the system on the functioning of the central hub Failure of the central hub renders the network inoperable The performance and scalability of the network depends on the capabilities of the hub Network size is limited by the number of connections that can be made to the hub Other nodes may see a performance drop if traffic to another node occupies a significant portion of the central nodes processing capability or throughput. Wiring up of the system can be very complex and expensive. In Task-02 I will try to describe the service for the new system and also Internet connection speed and the requirements of ISP. An Internet service provider (ISP), also sometimes referred to as an Internet access provider (IAP), is a company that offers its customers access to the Internet.[1] The ISP connects to its customers using a data transmission technology appropriate for delivering Internet Protocol packets or frames, such as dial-up, DSL, cable modem, wireless or dedicated high-speed interconnects. ISPs may provide Internet e-mail accounts to users which allow them to communicate with one another by sending and receiving electronic messages through their ISPs servers. ISPs may provide services such as remotely storing data files on behalf of their customers, as well as other services unique to each particular ISP. End-user-to-ISP connection ISPs employ a range of technologies to enable consumers to connect to their network. For users and small businesses, the most popular options include dial-up, DSL (typically Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, ADSL), broadband wireless, cable modem, fiber to the premises (FTTH), and Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) (typically basic rate interface). For customers with more demanding requirements, such as medium-to-large businesses, or other ISPs, DSL (often SHDSL or ADSL), Ethernet, Metro Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, Frame Relay, ISDN (BRI or PRI), ATM, satellite Internet access and synchronous optical networking (SONET) are more likely to be used. In Task-03 I will try to describe how each method works legal requirements of my country to operating the new system, cost estimate for operating and install the system, Limitation of the method and how voice communication established. Operating systems Quick links Operating System ABCs Operating System types Operating System overviews Troubleshooting

Islamic cultures Essay

1.   Islamic cultures in the European Middle Ages were comparably more advanced and better than the Christianity.   Islamic cities in the Middle Ages were thriving and became the centers of trade and economy. Islamic merchants bought and sold goods from across Africa, Asia and Europe.   New technologies such as windmill, block printing as well as new methods of weaving, which were developed in China were brought to Europe by Islamic merchants. Moreover, Islamic cultures during this period were considered mixed and multi-ethnic as it borrowed from the cultures of the people that Muslims conquered or interacted during trading.   Greek works by early scientists and mathematicians were interpreted into Arabic and used by Islamic Arabs.   Islamic cities also became centers for art and learning. Since Islamic society during the Middle Ages valued scholarship Islamic cities became major sites of major libraries and scholarships. 2.   Europe provided a route and area for Islamic culture to flourish. In terms of trade, Europe provided the Islamic empires with raw materials while Asia became the center of trade and commerce.   Europe also became an avenue of the both Islam and Christianity.   Initially, Islam swept mostly all throughout Asia and Europe on the other hand was mainly dominated by Christianity.   But eventually, Islam conquered Europe as well which led to the conversion of many parts of Europe into Islam particularly Spain.   Islamic Europe were also comparable far more superior to those among European Christians, and Islamic cultures were responsible for bringing Asian innovations into Europe.

John MIlton Writing Style Essay - 1828 Words

Cheryl Pidono Professor Robert Oventile English 1A 25 September 2014 Milton’s appeal to Pathos, Logos, and Ethos Areopagitica and Of Education, written by English poet John Milton in 1664, is a prose, non-fictional book concerning the protest of people in England regarding the licensing policy. During the English Civil War Era, the period where this book was written, the British Parliament established the licensing and censorship policy to prevent any corruption of the minds to the people of England. Milton, on the contrary, disagrees with these policies addressing them as a form of violation toward the freedom of speech. Because of these policies, Milton and many others writers felt the difficulties in expressing their ideas because†¦show more content†¦He kept his pride and hope held high to encourage his readers to keep their spirit on battling against the regulation. Beside pathos, Milton uses logos to support his ideas using strong evidences and logical reasons. Milton argues that it is unreasonable to only regulate about publishing books, when the Parliament were supposed to â€Å"regulate all recreations and pastimes, all that is delightful to man† (23). Milton disagrees on how other recreational activities, such as music and dancing, are not strictly regulated. Milton added that if censorship will continue to regulate the writers, it will â€Å"hinders and retards the importation of our richest merchandise, truth†, and England will be a nation that is lack of truth (41). England used to be well known for it’s honesty and wisdom. He is trying to argue that the policies will only regress England backward and making it look bad in other countries’ image. In this topic, he uses causality subordinating style sentence, the type of sentence where â€Å"one event or state is caused by another† (Fish 45). He’s attempting to show the bad effect caused by the regulation, mostly negative ones, had caused a lot of difficulties to the writers in hope that the Parliament would listen to their argument. Causality sentences are very effective in showingShow MoreRelatedEvolution Of Western Literature : John Milton, Walt Whitman And Franz Kafka1422 Words   |  6 Pageslife through self-expression, and Metamorphosis, which illustrates the life of a man who let modern life demean him, illustrate through different styles how they reflect their times. Their authors, John Milton, Walt Whitman and Franz Kafka, were able to show how in these different stories through the content, their choice of language and style of writing, how they helped evolved Western Literature. 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